Sula Essays - Sula, Booby, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Sula Sula "Sula" by Tony Morrison is the story of a friendship between Nel Wright and Sula Peace, who are opposites in the way of relating to other people, to the world around them, and to themselves. Nel is rational and balanced; she gets married and gives in to conformity and the town's expectations. Sula is an irrational and transient character. She follows her immediate passions, completely unaware of the feelings other people might have. However, Nel and Sula are able to function well only when they are together because they complete each other as opposites. However, as separate entities, Sula and Nel are vulnerable and isolated from the rest of world; Sula because she is impulsive and disregards the feelings of other people, and Nel because she overlooks her own. The personalities of Nel and Sula form as a result of their childhood family atmosphere. Sula's unusual exorbitance results from an eccentric upbringing that openly accepts and welcomes transience. The narrator describes Sula's house as a "throbbing disorder constantly awry with things, people, voices and the slamming of doors . . ." (52), which suggests a family accustomed to spontaneous disruptions and fleeting alliances. Sula decides that "sex is pleasant and frequent, but otherwise insignificant." (44) Sula grows up in the atmosphere of an emotional separation between mothers and daughters in her family. The mothers provide only the physical maternal support but lack in the emotional attachment to their children. Sula overhears her mother, Hannah, say, "I love her [Sula]. I just don't like her, that's the thing." (57) Hannah's words act as a determiner of Sula's defiance. Hannah and Eva, her mother, are also alienated. "Under Eva's distant eye, and prey to her idiosyncrasies, her own children grew up steadily." (41) This dissatisfaction causes Hannah to ask Eva, "Did you ever love us?" (67) "I know you fed us and all. I was talking 'bout something else. Did you ever, you know play with us?" (68) Eva leaps out of the window to "cover her daughter's body with her own" (75) to save her from a fire; she raises her children single-handedly and even sacrifices her leg to get an insurance because she does not have enough money to feed her children. Proud of keeping her children alive through the roughest times, Eva does not realize that she needs to be more than a physical caretaker. An unrestricted household such as the Peace family, with little emotional attachment and moral responsibilities, causes Sula to become impetuous and independent. Nel's household, however, is very conformist and proper, but also lacks in emotional attachments. Nel's parents marry out of convenience, rather than love. For Nel's mother, the absences of her husband, a sailor were "quite bearable." Nel is raised in an atmosphere of "oppressive neatness" (29), a strict and organized household that instills society's rules in her. Nel's mother constantly attempts to destroy Nel's spirit and imagination. "Under Helene's [Nel's mother's] hand the girl became obedient and polite. Any enthusiasms that little Nel showed were calmed by the mother until she drove her daughter's imagination underground." (18) "Don't just sit there, honey, you could be pulling your nose" (28) This emotional vacuum compels the girls to seek their missing components in each other's company. During their friendship, Sula and Nel do not have the feeling of detachment they acquire after their parting. In their friendship as girls, they "had clung to [each other] as the closest thing to both an other and a self" (119). They have an interest and curiosity in life and they are absorbed by everything they do. Together they can relate to other people better when they are together. "Humor returned. Nel's love for Jude, which over the years had spun a steady gray web around her heart, became a bright and easy affection." (95) When they are together, their characters balance out to make a complete, fulfilled, and self-contained person, a duet (97). To Nel, Sula's return to Medallion is like "getting the use of an eye back, getting a cataract removed" (95). Sula's thoughtlessness, irrationality, and transience are rounded out by Nel's sobriety, solicitude, and commitment to people and things. "[Sula and Nel] found relief in each other's personality. Nel seemed stronger and more consistent than Sula, who could hardly be counted on sustaining any emotion for more than three minutes." (53) Their friendship was based on sharing, not dividing, as they "shared the affection of other people". However, when Sula leaves Medallion and Nel gets married, their separation causes each to become vulnerable and lonely. Sula is alienated from other people, and does not

Word Count and Book Length

Word Count and Book Length Word Count and Book Length Word Count and Book Length By Maeve Maddox A novelist of my acquaintance insists that the only way to estimate the number of words in a book is to multiply the number of pages by 250. That was the formula in the good old days when Courier was the only typeface and typewriters were King. Now we have computers and word processing software. Its no longer necessary to estimate according to the 250-words-per-page formula. All we have to do is use the WP tool that shows Word Count. Publishers want to know the overall length of your book. An approximate word count (round numbers) based on what your WP tells you enables them to estimate costs and other factors involved in printing a book. Novels for adult readers fall between 80,000 and 120,000 words. A novel of 50,000 would be the absolute minimum for some genres and, unless you are Ken Follett or some other established author, you should view 100,000 as the maximum. (Yes, exceptions for a first novel can be found, but writers who depend upon being The Exception are handicapping themselves unnecessarily.) Every genre has its own length preferences. Novels intended for the adult market will be longer than those targeted at children and young adults. A young adult novel will run between 20,000 and 40,000 words. In terms of adult mainstream fiction, that length would be considered a novella. TIP: Dont compose your novel with skinny margins, single-spacing and some off-the-wall font and then make formatting changes when youre ready to market the completed manuscript. Draft your novel in standard format from the start: 12-point Times Roman or 12-point Courier. Double-spacing Margins set to 1-inch all round Indented paragraphs NOTE: Dont put extra spacing between paragraphs unless your intention is to indicate a shift of viewpoint or passage of time. When you are ready to approach an agent or a publisher, study their guidelines carefully and submit your work exactly according to their preferences. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsBail Out vs. Bale Out

Apple versus PC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple versus PC - Essay Example With such distinctions being many questions have arisen in regards to which machine is truly superior. Through a consideration of a variety of components of each machine, this essay demonstrates why the Mac truly has higher quality than the PC. When consider computer technology one of the primary considerations that individuals make is in regards to cost. Oftentimes the Mac is derided in relation to the PC because of the significant cost differential between the two machines, with the Apple Macintosh generally costing a few hundred dollars more than the traditional PC. While these are valid complaints, ultimately they prove erroneous when one notes that the Macintoshes’ hardware warrants the cost differential. A recent study was conducted that compared the top of the line Dell Computer to the Apple Macbook Pro in terms of cost and efficiency. The study indicated that, Dell's Inspiron line doesn't currently offer processing power equaling that of the MacBook Pro. To get a 2.33- GHz Core 2 Duo processor (a 2.4-GHz version isn't available yet), you have to move up to Dell's more expensive XPS M1710 with Vista Home Premium. Once I did that, though, and tricked out the M1710 with only those extras it had to have to compete with the MacBook Pro, I was surprised to see the Dell come in at a whopping $3,459, some $650 more than the Apple product (Finnie). In these regards, the study indicates that when adding the same hardware technology to the PC that the Mac already has included, the Mac demonstrates significantly more value. This demonstrates that while ostensibly the PC is cheaper, in reality the Mac comes with significantly more value and quality. Another major consideration that one makes when considering the effectiveness of computer technology is the computer’s overall efficiency. Many PC users remain unfamiliar with the intricacies of computer technology and contend that the PC actually is a more efficient machine than the Mac. Still, when examini ng this question more thoroughly one discovers that in reality the Mac is a significantly more quality machine. Consider the parts that are used within the Mac as compared to the PC. A general qualitative investigation demonstrates that the Mac has a sleeker design that doesn’t bend and creek like PC plastic compartments. Another prominent element in terms of efficiency is the operating system. The PC only allows users the option of implementing Windows, while the Mac is equipped to run both Windows and OS X. This difference allows Mac users to tailor the operating system for the specific task, greatly improving computer quality and efficiency. It’s clear then that the Mac is better than the PC in terms of overall efficiency. A final consideration that is made regarding Mac and PC’s is within the realm of general useability. Oftentimes PC users claim that the Macintosh is an inferior product because it is purposely made more difficult to use as a means of differ entiating itself. In reality, this is an erroneous assumption and that Macintosh is an overall more useable machine. Consider a number of specific different between the computers. One of the major differences between the machines is the fast and effective boot time in the Apple. While having to wait an extra-minute or for a computer to load may seem like an insignificant problem, when this element is

Memo and Email Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memo and Email - Article Example Although organizations benefit a great deal from the use of email services for correspondences, there has been a growing concern regarding the misuse of email services, which are proving costly to organizations. Evidences across organizations show that emails are increasingly at risk of misuse by malicious employees. The increased misuse of company emails has seen a rise in employers firing their workers now and then. Current estimate shows that more than a quarter of employers have fired their employees for e-mail misuse. For instance, PNC Bank recently fired Norma Yetsko and Heidi Arace for sending offensive jokes on companys email (Morales 3). The Management of PNC Bank claimed that the two of its employees violated the company policy by misusing the company emails by sending offensive jokes, which were not only defamatory, but also landed the company into a lawsuit. MacDonald Dettwiler Company also fired two of its employees, Nicolas Di Vito and Alastair Mathers for sending offen sive emails depicting the sexual gymnastic of a female co-worker who is overweight. The offensive email resulted in a lawsuit in which the offended woman jointly sued the company and the two employees for defamation (Morales 3). These among other incidences shows how misuse of company email can be costly to a company. In both cases, the email misuse by the employees dented the image of the two companies and resulted in a civil liability. The email risks that happened at MacDonald Dettwiler Company and PNC Bank can happen in any company at any time. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of email misuse by employees, it is critical for the management to create guidelines that define how emails are used in the organization. Creating email guidelines will be of great benefit to the company since it will ensure that the companys staff uses emails professionally thereby protecting the professional image of the

Popol Vuh Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Popol Vuh Creation - Essay Example This relates to agriculture because of the three attempts, corn is the only one that brings life, when planted properly. The story somehow showed analogy of man having soul and seeds bringing life to agriculture. The belief in religion is also a good lesson from the story. The story showed the existence of different worlds, the underworld, upper world and the world we know as Earth. Religion teaches human beings to believe in the existence of Gods, and worship the Gods who created them. The third lesson was about the trails that the Hero Twins had to go through to be able to get their father from the gods of the underworld. They used magic and trickery to defeat the gods. After doing so, they were rose up to the upper world and became the sun and the moon. Their love for their father and their perseverance showed that they were worthy to be exalted op to the upper world and be with the Creator. The connections between all living creatures on earth shown in the Popol Vuh can still be related to how Mayan society value the plants and animals around them. Corn, being an agricultural product, has been a representation of the human body and soul. The teachings from the story of the Hero Twins help the Maya society accept death and trials as their challenge to be able to climb up to where the Hero Twins are. From the underworld, their success will help them gain a worthy place together with the sun and the moon. This story teaches us that even if societies have different stories of creation, the existence of a Creator, the interconnection of life on earth, and the battles that we go through to be able to deserve a good life in heaven, are almost the same in context. This also shows that no matter how different the religious beliefs are, the teachings behind them are all for the common good of the

Atomistic Fabrication Technology to Enhance Accuracy

Atomistic Fabrication Technology to Enhance Accuracy Importance of Atomistic Fabrication Technology to Enhance Machining Accuracy During Electrochemical Machining of Metals Ritesh Upadhyay, Arbind Kumar P.K. Srivastava Abstract Atomistic fabrication technology fully utilizes physical and chemical phenomena with atomistic and electronic understanding. In the case of mechanical machining many defects are introduced when pushing the tool on the workpiece surface and then atoms on the workpiece surface are removed by the displacement and multiplication of such defects. Therefore many defects remain on the workpiece surface after mechanical machining. Machining accuracy is considerably affected by disturbances such as thermal deformation and external vibration because removal depth is dependent on the cutting depth of the tool and is very difficult to manufacture precision products by mechanical machining. In the case of atomistic fabrication technology surface atoms are naturally removed by chemical reaction caused by reactive species and therefore no deformed layer on the workpiece surface. A very high-precision product can be easily manufactured with stable physical and chemical phenomenon used for removal re action. In this paper possibility of atomic level removal of work piece (Iron workpiece) have been explored. The current and voltage requirements for removal of few thousand atoms will be calculated along with. the mechanism of removal of metals in relation with over-voltage and conductivity. Introduction The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization. Compared to the behavior of isolated molecules of about 1 nm (10 -9 m) or of bulk materials, behavior of structural features in the range of about 10-9 to 10-7 m exhibit important changes. Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical and chemical processes due to their nanoscale size. The goal is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn efficient manufacturing and use these devices 1-4. Maintaining the stability of interfaces and the integration of these nanostructures at micron-length and macroscopic scales are all keys to success. New behavior at the nanoscale is not necessarily predictable from that observed at large size scales.The most important changes in behavior are caused not by the order of magnitude size reduction, but by newly observed phenomena intrinsic to or becoming predominant at the nanoscale5-6. These phenomena include size confinement, predominance of interfacial phenomena and quantum mechanics. Once it becomes possible to control feature size, it will also become possible to enhance material properties and device functions Being able to reduce the dimensions of structures down to the nanoscale leads to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes, quantum wires and dots Nanotechnology is the exploitation of the novel and improved physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes of systems that are intermediate in size between isolated atoms/molecules and bulk materials, where phenomena length and time scales become comparable to those of the structure. It impl ies the ability to generate and utilize structures, components, and devices with a size range from about 0.1 nm (atomic and molecular scale) to about 100 nm by control at atomic, molecular and macromolecular levels. Novel properties occur compared to bulk behavior because of the small structure size and short time scale of various processes7-8. Electrochemical Reaction When the current passed through a NaCl electrolyte solution following reaction occure NaCl = Na+ + Cl H2O = H + + OH The positive ions moves towards cathode and negative ions moves towards anode. Each Na+ ions gain an electron and is converted to Na . Hence Na+ ions are reduced at the cathode by means of electrons. Cathode Reaction: Na+ + e = Na Na +H2O = NaOH + H+ 2H+ + 2e = H2 It shows that only hydrogen gas evolve at cathode and there will be no deposition Anode Reaction: Fe = Fe2+ +2e Fe2+ + 2Cl = FeCl2 Fe2+ + 2OH = Fe (OH)2 FeCl2+ 2OH = Fe(OH)2 + 2Cl 2Cl →Cl2 + 2e 2FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2FeCl3 H+ + Cl = HCl 2Fe(OH)2 +H2O +O2 = 2Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl = FeCl3 + 3H2O FeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl Theoretical Aspects Building block atoms play an important role in future atmostic fabrication technology. Material removal rate for removal of Fe work piece at atomic level have been calculated by using Faraday’s law. Where MRR = Metal Removal Rate , A = Atomic weight, I = Current, Z = valency, F = faraday’s constant . The results are shown in figure 1, Fig 1 Plot of Metal Removal Rate against Current Density, A=55.85,Z=2,F=96500 It is clear from the figure that very low current is needed for atomic scale removal of iron atoms from the iron work piece. The requirement of voltage for removal of iron at atomic scale have been calculated using ohm’s Law and shown in figure 2 Fig 2 Plot of Metal Removal Rate against Voltage, where specific conduction=0.0387ohm-1 cm-1others  parameter are same as in figure 1. It is clear from the figure that voltage requirement is very low. The current and voltage data for removal of few thousand atoms shows that conductivity and over-voltage play important role in current carrying process. Effect of electrolyte conductivity on MRR: Electrolytes are substances that become ions in solution and having capacity to conduct electricity. The electrolyte has three main functions in the ECM process. It carries the current between the tool and the workpiece, it removes the product of the reaction from the cutting region, and it removes the heat produced by the current flow in the operation. Electrolytes must have high conductivity, low toxicity and corrosivity, and chemical and electrochemical stability. The rate of material removal in ECM is governed by Faraday’s laws and is function of current density which depends upon the concentration of electrolyte with increase in concentration of electrolyte the MRR increases continuously up to a limiting value after which if further increase in concentration is made the MRR decreases due to decrease in ionic mobility. Effect of Over voltage: The over-voltage is the important parameter which restrict the material removal rate and is sensitive to tool feed rate and equilibrium machining gap. Material removal rate decreases due to increase in over voltage and decrease in current efficiency, which is directly related to the conductivity of the electrolyte solution. Over voltage was calculated as: à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾V = V – where à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾V = over voltage, V = applied voltage, Ï = density of work piece, F = Faraday constant, K = conductivity / specific conductance of electrolyte solution, A = atomic number of work piece metal, Ye = equilibrium gap and f = tool feed rate. The variation of over voltage with equilibrium gap is shown in Figure 3 which indicate that over-voltage decreases linearity with increase in equilibrium gap. When equilibrium gap approaches to zero, over voltage approaches to applied voltage. Figure 4 shows variation of tool feed rate with overvoltage, which shows that over voltage decreases sharply with penetration rate and goes to negative side after a certain tool feed rate. Negative value of V, seems to be unreal because un-matching long range values of penetration rate for single fixed value of equilibrium gap. Fig 3. Plot of Over voltage against equilibrium machining gap Fig 4. Plot of over voltage against penetration gap Conclusion: The effort is made to focus on the importance of atomistic fabrication technology with the effect of key factors like over voltage and electrolyte concentration influencing the quality of machined surface and dimensional accuracy. The application of this technology during machining of metals and alloys proves that the electrochemical reactions can be used for nanometer accuracy, which allows high precision machining. The set up including power supply, electronic circuit, tool and electrolyte feed devices have been proposed to perform nano electrochemical machining in order to enhance the machining accuracy. References: Mukherjee S.K, Kumar S , and Srivastava P.K effect of electrolyte on the current- carrying process in electrochemical machining. J . Mechanical Engineering Science 221,1415 -1419 2007. Stotes J, Lostao A, Gomez C, Moreno , Baro A.M. Jumping mode AFM imaging of biomolecules in the repulsive electrical double layer ultra microscopy 1-6 2007. McGeough, J.A. principles of electrochemical machining chapterIII (chapman,Hall.London) 1974. Ma, and R. Schuster, Locally enhanced cathodoluminescence of electrochemically  fabricated gold nanostructures, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 662, pp. 12–16, 2011. McGenough J A, Leu M, Rajurkar K P, et al. â€Å"Electroforming process and application to  micro/macro manufacturing. CIRP Annals—Manufacturing Technology†, 50(2): 499-514, 2001. Zhang Z Y, Zhu D, Wang M H. â€Å"Theoretical and experimental research into electrochemical  micromachining using nanosecond pulse† Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering;  43(1): 208-213, 2007 [in Chinese]. Lee E S, Baek S Y,Cho C R. â€Å"A study of the characteristics for electrochemical micromachining with  ultrashort voltage pulses† The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology; 31(7-8):  762-769, 2005. Schuster R., Kirchner V, Allonue P, and Ertl G, â€Å"Electrochemical micromachining,† Science 289, 98–  101_2007. Datta M, Shenoy R. V, and Romankiw L. T, â€Å"Recent advances in the study of electrochemical  micromachining,† ASME J. Eng. Ind. 118, 29–36,1996. Datta M, â€Å"Microfabrication by electrochemical metal removal,† IBM J. Res. Dev. 42, 655–669,1998.   Rajurkar K.P, Kozak J, and Wei B, Study of Pulse Electrochemical Machining Characteristics â€Å"Annals  International College for Production Research† Vol. 42, 231-234, 1993. Hocheng, H., Kao, P. S. and Lin, S. C., â€Å"Prediction of the Eroded Profile during Electrochemical  Machining of Hole,† Proc. JSME/ASME Int. Conf. Materials and Processing, pp. 303_307 (2002).   Keown, Mc. P. A., â€Å"The Role of Precision Engineering in Manufacturing of the Future,† Annals CIRP,  Vol.36, pp. 495_501 (1987). â€Å"Electrochemical Machining in Production Technology, HMT, Bangalore, Tata McGraw Hill  Publishing Company, New Delhi, India, p. 478 (1980).

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As we sit here this evening, knowing not what lies ahead, but feeling satisfied that we have completed this challenge, we start to wonder. What have we gained from these last 13 years of school? How often have we asked ourselves: Why do we attend school? What do we expect to accomplish? And what do we gain? Questions, whose importance we may not fully understand today, but which have drastically molded our futures. Sure, this path hasn't been the easiest to follow, but we navigated through the complications and tribulations to the point we are at now, and I ask once again, what have we gained? Education has supplied us with a commonality, a basic foundation on which we may establish our ideas. These ideas are the essential elements that dominate our lives. Each is unique and special. But just like it is perplexing to communicate without understanding the other person, it is difficult to express ideas without an education. Today, let us give thanks to all those who have helped us along the way: our parents for their love and support, our teachers for their dedication and encouragement, and to our fellow classmates for their friendship and compassion. In this stage of life we are still discovering ourselves and the world around us. Our experiences are lacking and our world varies tremendously from our parents' and grandparents' generations. We are still struggling for meaning and purpose. As we continue to grow and develop, our understanding will blossom and our convictions will strengthen. Because of our technology, our generation can communicate world-wide. As we continue to strive for greater opportunities and a better life, we must resist being consumed by our own inventions and instead aspire to personally interact with the outside world. The Internet and other modes of communication can only provide a window, a seat in the theater of life. The world is a stage and we are the actors -- the performers that touch the lives of our children -- the innovators of this conventional realm. Technology can only perform the tasks we program into it; accomplishment requires a human being. Striving for knowledge and perfection is admirabl e, but have the courage to maintain your personal identity. Put your emphasis on the qualities that define our individual personalities and contribute to our diversity. So, what have we gained? These last 13 years of school have prepared us for the journey we are about to embark upon.

Impact of the invention of Automobiles Essay

The invention of automobile has been one of the most significant factors that have contributed towards the transformation of the world. Before the invention of automobile it was very difficult and time consuming to travel from one place to another. Man has become the master of his own time due to the automobile. Now he can plan his own schedules and manage his time more efficiently and constructively. Automobile gave a boost to the world economy. Petroleum was a product that was in abundance but was largely unused. With the invention of automobile it started getting used and also boosted the living standards of the people of the countries in which it is available the most for e.g. the Middle Eastern countries. Though there was enough living space in all the continents of the world, people used to live clustered in the locality that was nearest to their work. As a result those working in factories used to live close to it despite the health hazards it created. With the invention of the automobile people were able to cut down their health risks by moving away to cleaner places with better air to breathe and yet manage to report to work within the stipulated time minus any hassles that earlier long distance traveling encompassed. All the services got fast. The firemen, the doctor, and the policeman can all reach on time and get on with their work that is extremely urgent. Many newer services got created for e.g. the courier service that thrives on the benefits laid down by the invention of automobile. Hence the socio-economic condition of the world has got totally and positively transformed with the invention of the automobile. But sadly there have also been certain negative outcomes of the invention of the automobile. The number of deaths on roads has increased due to this modern necessity. Also the world has become a much more polluted place to live in because of the toxic fumes that automobiles create. However, if we compare the negative and positive impacts of the invention of automobile on the world at large then we cannot deny the fact that the positive impacts outshine the negative impacts. The best part is that if human beings are careful then these negative impacts can be shunned completely. Man cannot think living without the automobile and perhaps its invention is the best thing that has happened to the world. References Colorado.edu. (2009). Negative Impact of the Automobile. Retrieved Jun. 1, 2009 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/New-Vista/automobile/negative.html Nosotoro, R. (2007). Impact of the Automobile. Retrieved Jun. 1, 2009 from   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/cot/t4w32automobile.htm

Leadership Through Example essays

Leadership Through Example essays The most important aspect of any culture is the people. Great nations like the United States were establish through the understanding that people are the most valuable resource of a nation, and it is the responsibility of the leaders to ensure that the people are respected. The central focus of a good leader should always be to maintain the well being of the people - especially during time of war. This understanding breeds patriotism and heroes. A prime example of good leadership is exemplified in Chief Crazy Horse of the Sioux Tribe during the 19th century when the migrating European and American settlers were expanding westward. Chief Crazy Horse recognized that the settlers had no respect for his land, beliefs or his people. He valiantly defended his culture against the intrusion of the settlers, and placed his love and respect for his people above everything. Chief Crazy Horse is a prime candidate for the presidency because he demonstrated great integrity by building a leadership based solely on a tremendous respect for his people. Crazy Horse had enormous respect for his people as individuals. Perhaps the single most important ingredient for successful leadership is respect. He considered the lives of his people equal or even more important than his own. One way in which this was demonstrated was on the battlefield. Numerous accounts and paintings of battle scenes reveal that during an assault, as Crazy Horse led his men into battle, never allowing any of his warriors to pass him. "In advancing upon an enemy, none of his warriors were allowed to pass him" ("Crazy Horse Quotes"). Crazy Horse was also a generous man. He was known to have consistently shown charity toward the poor, lived a humble life and given away spoils of war (with the exception of weapons.) "It was a point of honor with him never to keep anything for himself, excepting weapons of war" ("Crazy Horse Quotes"). As a result of the respect Crazy Horse displayed fo...

National Womans Rights Conventions 1850 - 1869

National Womans Rights Conventions 1850 - 1869 The 1848 Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention, which was called on short notice and was more of a regional meeting, called for a series of conventions, embracing every part of the country. The 1848 regional event held in upstate New York was followed by other regional Womans Rights Conventions in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania.   That meetings resolutions called for woman suffrage (the right to vote), and later conventions also included this call.   But each meeting included other womens rights issues as well. The 1850 meeting was  the first to consider itself a national meeting. The meeting was planned after an Anti-Slavery Society meeting by nine women and two men. These included Lucy Stone, Abby Kelley Foster, Paulina Wright Davis and Harriot Kezia Hunt. Stone served as secretary, though she was kept from part of the preparation by a family crisis, and then contracted typhoid fever. Davis did most of the planning. Elizabeth Cady Stanton missed the convention because she was in late pregnancy at the time. First National Womans Rights Convention The 1850 Womans Rights Convention was held on October 23 and 24 in Worcester, Massachusetts. The 1848 regional event in Seneca Falls, New York, had been attended by 300, with 100 signing the Declaration of Sentiments. The 1850 National Womans Rights Convention was attended by 900 on the first day. Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis was chosen as president. Other women speakers included Harriot Kezia Hunt, Ernestine Rose, Antoinette Brown, Sojourner Truth, Abby Foster Kelley, Abby Price and Lucretia Mott. Lucy Stone only spoke on the second day. Many reporters attended and wrote of the gathering. Some wrote mockingly, but others, including Horace Greeley, took the event quite seriously. The printed proceedings were sold after the event as a way of spreading the word about womens rights. The British writers Harriet Taylor and Harriet Martineau took note of the event, Taylor responding with The Enfranchisement of Women. Further Conventions In 1851, the second National Womans Rights Convention took place on October 15 and 16, also in Worcester. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, unable to attend, sent a letter. Elizabeth Oakes Smith was among the speakers who were added to those of the previous year. The 1852 Convention was held in Syracuse, New York, on September 8-10. Elizabeth Cady Stanton again sent a letter instead of appearing in person. This occasion was notable for the first public speeches on womens rights by two women who would become leaders in the movement: Susan B. Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage. Lucy Stone wore a bloomer costume. A motion to form a national organization was defeated. Frances Dana Barker Gage presided over the 1853 National Womans Rights Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 6-8. In the mid 19th century, the largest part of the population was still on the East Coat and in eastern states, with Ohio considered part of the west. Lucretia Mott, Martha Coffin Wright, and Amy Post were officers of the assembly. A new Declaration of Womens Rights was drafted after the convention voted to adopt the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments. The new document was not adopted. Ernestine Rose presided at the 1854 National Womans Rights Convention in Philadelphia, October 18-20. The group could not pass a resolution to create a national organization, instead preferring to support local and state work. The 1855 Womans Rights Convention was held in Cincinnati on October 17 and 18, back to a 2-day event. Martha Coffin Wright presided. The 1856 Womans Rights Convention was held in New York City. Lucy Stone presided. A motion passed, inspired by a letter from Antoinette Brown Blackwell, to work in state legislatures for the vote for women. No convention was held in 1857. In 1858, May 13-14, the meeting was held again in New York City. Susan B. Anthony, now better known for her commitment to the suffrage movement, presided. In 1859, the National Womans Rights Convention was held in New York City again, with Lucretia Mott presiding. It was a one-day meeting, on May 12. At this meeting, speakers were interrupted by loud disruptions from opponents of womens rights. In 1860, Martha Coffin Wright again presided at the National Womans Rights Convention held May 10-11. More than 1,000 attended. The meeting considered a resolution in support of women being able to obtain a separation or divorce from husbands who were cruel, insane or drunk, or who deserted their wives. The resolution was controversial and did not pass. Civil War and New Challenges With the tensions between North and South increasing, and Civil War approaching, the National Womans Rights Conventions were suspended, though Susan B. Anthony attempted to call one in 1862. In 1863, some of the same women as were active in the Womans Rights Conventions earlier called the First National Loyal League Convention, which met in New York City on May 14, 1863. The result was circulation of a petition supporting the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude except as a punishment for a crime. The organizers gathered 400,000 signatures by the next year. In 1865, what was to become the Fourteenth Amendment  to the Constitution  had been proposed by the Republicans. This amendment would extend full rights as citizens to those who had been slaves and to other African Americans. But womens rights advocates were concerned that, by introducing the word male into the Constitution in this amendment, womens rights would be set aside. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized another Womans Rights Convention. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was among the speakers, and she advocated for bringing together the two causes: equal rights for African Americans and equal rights for women. Lucy Stone and Anthony had proposed the idea at an American Anti-Slavery Society meeting in Boston in January. A few weeks after the Womans Rights Convention, on May 31, the first meeting of the American Equal Rights Association was held, advocating just that approach. In January of 1868, Stanton and Anthony began publishing The Revolution. They had become discouraged with the lack of change in the constitutional amendments proposed, which would exclude women explicitly, and were moving apart from the main AERA direction. Some participants in that convention formed the New England Woman Suffrage Association. Those who founded this organization were mainly those who supported the Republicans attempt to win the vote for African Americans and opposed the strategy of Anthony and Stanton to work only for womens rights. Among those who formed this group were Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Julia Ward Howe and T. W. Higginson.  Frederick Douglass  was among the speakers at their first convention. Douglass declared the cause of the negro was more pressing than that of womans. Stanton, Anthony, and others called another National Womans Rights Convention in 1869, to be held on January 19 in Washington, DC. After the May AERA convention, at which Stantons speech seemed to advocate for the Educated Suffrage upper-class women able to vote, but the vote withheld from the newly-freed slaves and Douglass denounced her use of the term Sambo the split was clear. Stone and others formed the  American Woman Suffrage Association  and Stanton and Anthony and their allies formed the  National Woman Suffrage Association.The suffrage movement did not hold a unified convention again until 1890 when the two organizations merged into the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Do you think you can pass this  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Womens Suffrage Quiz?

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Abortion - Essay Example Spontaneous abortions refer to the natural process during which the human body rejects and expels the fetal contents without any â€Å"voluntary involvement or utilization of induction methods† (102). These events are often the source of great psychological distress to expecting parents and communities. However, the real social dilemma is regarding induced abortions; which refer to a voluntary disruption of a pregnancy brought upon through medical intervention (Hou Chap. 29). As a legal matter, the Supreme Court of United States supported the right to abortion in the judgment given for Roe v Wade case (Hou, Chap. 29). It was seen as the biological right of a woman to decline to carry an undesired child to term, as her physiological right. After this decision was taken there was a significant increase in the rate of abortions in the country (National Right to Life Committee, 4). But not everyone in either the public or private sector agreed with the decision and different states in the United States implemented separate legislations with varying degrees of leniency with regards to the accessibility to abortion services (Hou, Chap. 29), and in many states the debate for the right to abortion is still going on. Recent trends reveal that there is a reduction in abortion rates in the country (National Right to Life Committee 4), indicating that the perspective of the population has shifted against the process, which is labeled â€Å"barbaric† by individuals who oppose it. Anti-abortion perspectives are fueled by the concern for the rights of the unborn child as well as the sanctity of human life – eliminating a human life destroys the sense of a safe and beneficial society for all. Given these sentiments, states with the majority against abortion should implement strong anti-abortion policies which can guide

Causes of crime in Great Britain and USA Assignment

Causes of crime in Great Britain and USA - Assignment Example United Sates and UK are some of the worst affected countries as far as criminal activities are concerned. Some people argue that poverty is the major reason behind increasing criminal activities. However, US and UK are two of the richest countries in the world and still crime rates increasing day by day in these countries. Cyber crime, burglary, organized crime, gun violence etc are some of the major criminal activities seen in United States and UK. â€Å"The UK government has published a report on February 17, 2011, concluding that the overall cost to the UK economy from cybercrime is  £27bn per year. Drug-related crime is estimated to cost the UK  £13.9 billion a year† (Cluely, 2011). On the other hand, â€Å"In 2006, the Internet Crime Complaint Center in America received and processed over 200,000 complaints. Total alleged dollar losses were more than $194 million†(Cyber crime Statistics, 2011). Cybercrime and burglary in UK and USA: Similarities and differences Cybercrime is one of the most modern crimes added to the list of organized criminal activities list. No country seems to be free from cyber crimes. Hardcore technology and online expertise are now available for rent and it is possible for even the unskilled antisocial elements to take these skills on rent basis for the execution of their criminal activities. In fact some of the organized cyber attacks which occurred in the recent times have surprised some of the highly technically skilled personnel. Kinetic weapons, power of electromagnetic energy, malicious computer code etc are some of the most common methods of cyber attacks employed by cyber terrorists. Botnets (vast numbers of compromised computers that have been infected with malicious code, and can be remotely-controlled through commands sent via the Internet) are another major tool for cybercrime, because of its effectiveness and the easiness in usage. America is facing more cyber attack threats from countries like China compared to United Kingdom. China wanted to outcast America from the superpower list and for that purpose; they are constantly engage in cyber espionage with America. China’s involvement in some of the recent cyber attacks on American computers was proved beyond doubt. The Times on 8 September 2007 reported that the Chinese military hackers have prepared a detailed plan to disable America’s aircraft battle carrier fleet with a devastating cyber attack, quoting a Pentagon report (The Times, 2007). Fox news on 24 March 2010 reported that the cyber attack on Google and US companies are part of suspected Chinese government operation (Fox News, 2010). In short, America is facing cyber crimes not only from individuals, but also from other countries as well. On the other hand, UK seems to be facing fewer threats from other countries as far as cyber espionage is concerned. In fact China and America are the two countries accused of spreading cyber espionage because of their superior technologies in IT and computer sectors. Cluely, (2011) has pointed out that total money losses in cyber crimes in UK has already crossed the ?27 billion per year.- ?9.2 billion comes from theft of intellectual propert